Balanced Scorecard Essay Example for Free

Balanced Scorecard EssayThe balance poster is utilise as a strategic planning and a management technique. It is widely used in many organizations, regardless of their scale, to align the organizations performance to its vision and objectives. The scorecard is also used as a tool which improves the communication and feedback process between the employees and management, and to monitor performance of the organizational objectives. There are four different perspectives of balance scorecard which are financial performance, node knowledge, internal business processes, and learning and growth. Each perspective represents a different aspect of the business organization in auberge to operate at optimal capacity. Financial perspective is about how does the firm look to shareholders. This is concerned with the shareholders view of performance. Shareholders are concerned with many aspects of financial performance. Amongst the measures of victory are market share, revenue growth, profi t ratio, return on investment, economic value added, return on capital employed and profitability. Customer perspective is about how do customers see the firm.This perspective focuses on the analysis of different types of customers, their degree of satisfaction and the processes used to deliver products and services to customers. Particular areas of focus would include customer service, customer retention and customer satisfaction. Internal perspective is about how well it manages its operational processes. This seeks to identify how well the business is performing, whether the products and services offered meet customer expectations, and the precise processes for satisfying both customers and shareholders.Learning and growth perspective is about can the firm continue to improve and create value? This perspective also examines how an shaping learns and grows. This perspective is concerned with issues such as can we continue to improve and create value? In which areas must the orga nisation improve? How can the confederacy continue to improve and create value in the future? What should it be doing to make this happen? The concerns of balanced scorecard are long term with scam term concerns, financial with non-financial concerns, and internal with external concerns.

General Principles of Ecology Essay Example for Free

oecumenical Principles of Ecology EssayThe term ecology refers to the study of teemingness and distribution of living organism in an ecosystem, together with the interaction that exists between them and the natural environment. The distribution of organisms is usually influenced by the adaptation of a certain organism to the environment. An adaptation refers to an organisms ability to exist successfully in a given environment. Therefore, organisms can only exist in environments that they be fitting to. When a given species of animal or plant is adapted in a given natural environment, then it becomes distributed in that environment densely and in high numbers. Those that lack the ability to adapt well are poorly distributed, since they cannot cope with the pressures or stress that emanate from the environmental conditions. Different species of plants can be adapted to low and high nutrient environments. Plants always try to adapt to the environments in several ways. The plants that inhabit low nutrient areas mount at a slow rate, as an adaptation to the scarcity of nutrients. These plants also have the ability to recycle nutrients internally. Those in high nutrient areas on the other hand grow fast. They have the ability to control the absorption of nutrients at minimum levels.The breakdown of dead total matter in the soil undergoes several paradees. The first process of breakdown involves the alteration of the organic matter chemical components. This is then followed by another process, whereby the chemical components are split or fragmented. After undergoing these two processes, the organic matter mineral nutrients are then released into the soil and they are then converted into simpler components that can be absorbed by the plants. The day length influences the seasonal activity of plants and animals, because the length of the day length triggers certain changes.These changes include the climatic patterns in an area. Both plants and animals synchro nize their behavioral and physiological activities with the seasonal changes. By doing this, they are able to carry out certain activities based on the season of the year. For example, the migration in animals is sometimes synchronized with the seasonal changes. Plants on the other hand, synchronize activities such as pollination with seasons when the activity can be easily facilitated by the pollinators. Temperature conditions in a given natural ecosystem affect the response of both the homeotherms and the poikilotherms. musical composition the homeotherms have the ability to maintain their internal environment temperature at a stable level, the poikilotherms on the other hand cannot regulate their internal environment temperature. Changes in temperature triggers behavioral changes in poikilotherms as they try to regulate their body temperature depending on the external temperature. For example, some poikilotherms may bask out in the sun so as to regulate body temperature by warmi ng their bodies. The homeotherms try to regulate their body temperature using feedback mechanisms in their body systems.For instance, their blood vessels may undergo distension or constriction as their bodies try to conserve heat. Climatic changes may trigger an inactive state in animals, especially during the cold season or winter. Hibernation and torpor are two examples behavioral adaptations in animals to very low temperatures. In both, animals go into a state of inactivity and they lower their body metamorphosis as a strategy of conserving energy . However, there is one major difference between the two. In hibernation, the animals body temperature at a significant level. Animals that hibernate become inactive for a long period of time.Torpor on the other hand is whereby animals lower their body temperature but at minimal levels as compared to that in hibernators. Animals that undergo torpor may be inactive but usually wake up several times. The Black Bear is not considered as a true hibernator because its body temperature does not reduce significantly as that of a true hibernator . Furthermore, the bear remains alert and active during the period of hibernation.ReferencesOdum, E. P. (1971) . General Principles of Ecology, Third Edition W. B. Suanders Company. Smith, T. M. , and Smith, R. L. (2005). Elements of Ecology. (6th Edition). Benjamin Cummings Publishers

The Outsiders - how does the attack on Johnny affect the boys Essay Example for Free

The Outsiders how does the sharpshoot on Johnny affect the boys EssayIn the book The Outsiders a boy named Johnny is dishonoured by a rival gang called the Socs. In this essay I am going to explain how the attack on Johnny has affected the whole gang and friends of Johnny both emotionally and physically.We known the attack was dreadful from the reaction from each of the gang members. withal we know the attack was awful because there was blood on Johnnys clothes and there where marks from where he had been punch from rings from one the Socs. His white island of Jersey was splattered with blood.Soda pop was the first to reach Johnny after he had been attacked. Sodapop was gentle and calm in making the situation better kinda than worse. Its okay Johnnycake there gone now this shows how Sodapop acts as Johnnys fatherly figure as Johnny really doesnt have one at home.Ponyboy arrives second. Sodapop is redact to his stomach and terrified to what the Socs have done I just stood there trembling with sudden cold. This shows how the attack on Johnny was particularly bad and how fly the coop up Johnny was.Steve arrived third and was immediately felt sick. Steve closed his eyes and muffled a groan. This shows that Steve is kind of saying in his mind oh no.deuce bit Mathews arrived fourth and was not smile as usually. And for once his comical grin was gone and his dancing eyes were stormy. This is another sign to show that the attack was bad because two bit Matthews is always happy even in a bad situation.Dally arrived fifth and had the worst reaction of all linger was there to and was swearing under his breath and turning away sick expression on his face this shows that is extremely bad because dally had seen people killed on the streets of New York and remained unaffected. This proves how Johnny was affected physically.Darry came fourth darry had seen us from the porch and ran toward us suddenly skidding to a halt. This shows that the attack was so bad that if you saw it you would just stop.I conceptualize all the boys acted emotionally thinking of Johnny only especially sodapop.Johnny was most affected from the act for several reasons. and Johnny who was the most law invariable of us , now carried in his back pocket a six inch switchblade. Johnny who is usually the best acted of the bunch of boys know carries a hold knife around with him everywhere he goes and he never goes alone anywhere.The attack on him has had such an affect because we were used to seeing Johnny banged up before his father clobbered him around a lot but Johnny still remained firm after a beating and never cried. So it meant that the beatings had last broken him. This proved how Johnny had been affected emotionally.S.E. Hilton uses a lot of descriptive phrase and words to describe how the attack on Johnny was horrible. And this is shown in the book. Allowing the lecturer to feel and literally see what has happened to Johnny through the reactions and thoughts of the greaser gang.

Competencies of the Effective Healthcare Leader

Competencies of the Effective Healthcargon LeaderThe analysis of a conk down metamorphose process in my organisation has led me to a critical understanding of processes, my own place within these organisational processes and the effects my role and competency can obtain on the professional experiences of others. (Please see appendix for summary of scenario). Kerfoot (2004) suggests that one role of leaders is to synthesise information and then channel it to mend aspects of the organisation, placing interpersonal communication at the forefront of leadership activity (Chambers, 2002). In this instance, information is spot, and one fault of the process describe below is that information was not shared in a timely or inclusive fashion. Kerfoot (2004) describes information as leaders primary resource, but I would argue that the primary power of bad leaders lies in their ability to control that information.Grossman (2007) describes communication as one of the key competencies of the e ffective leader, but there are a chassis of other dimensions of leadership which are equally as important. This scenario highlights communication as a major negative factor in the implementation of change. However, there are other aspects of leadership which could be employed to ameliorate the situation conflict management collaboration and networking teamworking decision-making and troubleshooting the ability to understand and so work with (or manipulate) the organisational culture (Grossman, 2007). They should in any case be proactive, manage negative situations and emotions cognitively and have a degree of emotional intelligence (Jooste, 2004). It is obvious of that the employment of these competencies might have prevented the challenges which arose from the process exposit below. Transformational leadership (Thyer, 2003) would allow for improved multi-way communication, by allowing the leader to establish new and different lines of communication with and between staff at diff erent levels (McCarthy, 2006). Transformational leadership may also address the staffing issues associated with this challenging scenario (Thyer, 2003).Healthcare professionals, particularly nursing staff, engage with, develop and reinforce such behaviours constantly as fundamental competencies for effective persevering care. Grossman (2007) argues that good leaders must have demonstrated efficacy in persevering communication, which suggests that all nurses have such abilities. Nurses also have unique insider knowledge, which should have informed a full system analysis (McCarthy, 2006) prior to the implementation of the change. Including the staff in this process might also facilitate both the change the process by engaging the staff in meaningful, change-related communication and activity from the outset (McCarthy, 2006).Chambers (2002) suggests that the mark of a true leader might be someone who can se the vision, share it with others and lead them on the journey that makes it happen. The lack of such a guide, a true leader is both unmistakable in this scenario and indicative of an area of future need, where the existing resources of those who already translate organisational conceptualisation of service delivery in to the pragmatic and practical aspects of quality patient care should be utilised rather than wasted. Senior nurses, such as myself, possess these qualities and should be enabled to express them.ReferencesChambers, N. (2002) Nursing leadership the time has come to dependable do it. Journal of Nursing Management. 10 127-128.Grossman, S. (2007) Assisting Critical Care Nurses in Acquiring Leadership Skills. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 26 (2) 57-65.Jooste, K. (2004). Leadership a new perspective. Journal of Nursing Management 12 27-223.Kerfoot, K. (2004) Leaders and windshields the art of deflecting essential information. Dermatology Nursing 16 (6) 545-546, 568.McCarthy, J. (2006) Five more concepts for creating change. Nursing Managemen t folk 2005 Available from www.nursingmanagement.com. Accessed 17-7-07.Thyer, G.L. (2003) Dare to be different transformational leadership may hold the key to the nursing shortage. Journal of Nursing Management 11 73-79.

The Base Catalysed Transesterification Mechanism Biology Essay

The Base Catalysed Transesterification Mechanism Biology EssayThe transesterification reaction is base catalyzed. Any strong base capable of deprotonating the alcohol will do (e.g. NaOH, KOH,sodium methoxide, etc.). Commonly the base (KOH, NaOH) is dissolved in the alcohol to make a convenient manner of dispersing the otherwise solid catalyst into the oil. The ROH needs to be very dry. Any water in the process promotes the saponification reaction, thereby producing salts of juicy acids (soaps) and consuming the base, and thus inhibits the transesterification reaction. Once the alcohol mixture is made, it is added to the triglyceride. The reaction that follows re propertys the alkyl concourse on the triglyceride in a series of steps.The carbon on the ester of the triglyceride has a slight positive charge, and thecarbonyloxygens constitute a slight negative charge. This polarization of the C=O bond is what attracts the RO-to the reaction site.R1Polarized attraction RO- - C=OO-CH2- CH-CH2-O-C=O O-C=O R3R2This yields atetrahedral intermediatethat has a negative charge on the precedent carbonyl oxygenR1RO-C-O- (pair of electrons)O-CH2-CH-CH2-O-C=O O-C=O R3R2These electrons then fall back to the carbon and push off thediacylglycerolforming the ester.R1RO-C=O+-O-CH2-CH-CH2-O-C=O O-C=O R3R2Then twain more RO groups react via this mechanism at the other two C=O groups. This type of reaction has some(prenominal) limiting factors. RO-has to fit in the space where there is a slight positive charge on the C=O. MeO- works well beca enforce it is small in size. As the chain length of the RO- group increases, reaction rates decrease. This effect is calledsteric hindrance. This effect is a primary reason the short chain alcohols, methanol and ethanol, atomic number 18 typically used. at that place are several competing reactions, so give care must be taken to ensure the desired reaction pathway occurs. Most methods do this by using an excess of RO-.The acid-catalyzed method is a slight variant that is also affected by steric hindrance.ACID CATALYSEDThe reaction kinetics of acid-catalyzed transesterification of waste frying oil in excess methanol to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), for possible use as bio diesel, was studied. Rate of mixing, feed composition ( molar ratio oilmethanolacid) and temperature were independent variables. There was no signifi backsidet difference in the yield of FAME when the rate of mixing was in the turbulent range 100 to 600rpm. The oilmethanolacid molar ratios and the temperature were the most significant factors affecting the yield of FAME. At 70C with oilmethanolacid molar ratios of 12453.8, and at 80C with oilmethanolacid molar ratios in the range 1741.9-12453.8, the transesterification was essentially a pseudo-first-order reaction as a result of the expectant excess of methanol which drove the reaction to completion (991% at 4h). In the presence of the large excess of methanol, free fatty acids flummox i n the waste oil were very rapidly converted to methyl esters in the first few minutes under the above conditions. Little or no monoglycerides were detected during the course of the reaction, and diglycerides present in the initial waste oil were rapidly converted to FAME.Industrial methodsBatch processPreparation care must be taken to monitor the amount of water andfree fatty acidsin the incoming biolipid (oil or fat). If the free fatty acid train or water level is too high it may cause problems with soap formation (saponification) and the separation of the glycerin by-product downstream.Catalyst is dissolved in the alcohol using a standard agitator or mixer.The alcohol/catalyst mix is then charged into a closed reaction vessel and the biolipid (vegetable or animal oil or fat) is added. The system from here on is totally closed to the atmosphere to prevent the loss of alcohol.The reaction mix is unplowed just above theboiling pointof the alcohol (around 70 C, 158 F) to speed up th e reaction though some systems recommend the reaction take place anywhere fromroom temperatureto 55 C (131 F) for safety reasons. Recommended reaction time varies from 1 to 8 hours under normal conditions the reaction rate will simulacrum with every 10 C increase in reaction temperature. Excess alcohol is normally used to ensure total conversion of the fat or oil to its esters.The glycerin phase is much denser than biodiesel phase and the two can be gravityseparatedwith glycerin simply drawn off the shtup of thesettlingvessel. In some cases, acentrifugeis used to separate the two materials scurrying.Once the glycerin and biodiesel phases have been separated, the excess alcohol in apiece phase is removed with aflash evaporationprocess or by distillation. In other systems, the alcohol is removed and the mixture neutralized before theglycerinand esters have been separated. In either case, the alcohol is cured usingdistillationequipment and is re-used. Care must be taken to ensure no water accumulates in the recovered alcohol stream.The glycerin by-product contains unused catalyst and soaps that are neutralized with an acid and sent to storage as crude glycerin (water and alcohol are removed later, chiefly usingevaporation, to produce 80-88% pure glycerin).Once separated from the glycerin, the biodiesel is sometimes purified by washing gently with warm water to remove balance catalyst or soaps, dried, and sent to storage.Supercritical processAn selection, catalyst-free method for transesterification uses criticalmethanol at high temperatures and pressures in a continuous process. In the supercritical state, the oil and methanol are in a single phase, and reaction occurs spontaneously and rapidly.6The process can tolerate water in the feedstock, free fatty acids are converted to methyl esters instead of soap, so a wide variety of feedstocks can be used. Also the catalyst removal step is eliminated. amply temperatures and pressures are ask, but energy costs of production are similar or less than catalytic production routes.Ultra- and high-shear in-line and batch reactorsUltra- and High trim in-line or batch reactors allow production of biodiesel continuously, semi- continuously, and in batch-mode. This drastically invalidates production time and increases production volume.The reaction takes place in the high-energetic shear zone of the Ultra- and High Shear mixer by reducing the droplet size of the immiscible liquids such as oil or fats and methanol. Therefore, the smaller the droplet size the larger the surface area the faster the catalyst can react.Ultrasonic-reactor methodIn the ultrasonic reactor method, the ultrasonic waves cause the reaction mixture to produce and collapse bubbles constantly. This cavitation bequeaths simultaneously the mixing and estrus readd to carry out the transesterification process. Thus using an ultrasonic reactor for biodiesel production drastically reduces the reaction time, reaction temperatures, and energy input. Hence the process of transesterification can run inline rather than using the time consuming batch processing. Industrial scale ultrasonic devices allow for the industrial scale processing of several m barrels per daylight.Microwave methodCurrent research is being directed into using commercial microwave ovens to provide the heat needed in the transesterification process.The microwaves provide intense localized heating that may be higher than the recorded temperature of the reaction vessel. A continuous flow process producing 6 liters/minute at a 99% conversion rate has been developed and shown to consume only one-fourth of the energy required in the batch process.Although it is still in the lab-scale, victimization stage, the microwave method holds great potential to be an efficient and cost-competitive method for commercial-scale biodiesel production.Lipase-catalyzed methodLarge amounts of research have focused recently on the use of enzymes as a catalyst for the transesterification. Researchers have found that very good yields could be obtained from crude and used oils using lipases. The use of lipases makes the reaction less thin to high FFA content which is a problem with the standard biodiesel process. One problem with the lipase reaction is that methanol cannot be used because it inactivates the lipase catalyst after one batch. However, if methyl acetate is used instead of methanol, the lipase is not in-activated and can be used for several batches, making the lipase system much more cost effective.ADVANCESThe project funded by a federal grant, aims at finding a production system that is affordable.Steve Bond, Blue Sun Energys marketing manager CLAIMS that it costs about $20 a gallon to produce biodiesel out of algae at the present and the comanys aim is to get the costs down to under $2 a gallon.The company believes that it has already made advances in biodiesel production that makes it greener and more versatile than other produc tion methods on the market.The company says its product reduces emissions of pollutants including global warming gases like nitrogen oxide. tally to the company, many biodiesels products actually increase nitrogen oxide emissions.Blue Sun Energy also claims its additive helps boost fuel economy by seven per cent, reduce wear in fleet vehicles and even improve performance in cold-weather conditions.SUMMARYThe importance of biodiesel as a renewable and economically viable alternative to fossil diesel for applications in compression ignition (CI) engines has led to intense research in the field over the last two decades. This is predominantly delinquent to the depletion of petroleum resources, and increasing awareness of environmental and health impacts from the combustion of fossil diesel. Biodiesel is favoured over other biofuels because of its compatibility with present day CI engines, with no further adjustments required to the core engine configurations when used in either neat or blended forms. Studies conducted to date on various CI engines fuelled with varying biodiesel types and blends under legion(predicate) test cycles have shown that key tailpipe pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, aromatics, sulphur oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate matters are potentially reduced. The effects of biodiesel on nitrogen oxides emission require further tests and validations. The improvement in most of the diesel emission species comes with a trade-off in a reduction of brake power and an increase in fuel consumption. Biodiesels lubricating properties are generally better than those of its fossil diesel counterpart, which result in an increased engine life. These substantial differences in engine-out responses between biodiesel and fossil diesel combustion are mainly attributed to the physical properties and chemical composition of the fuels. Despite the purported benefits, widespread adoption of biodiesel workout in CI engines is hindered by outstanding good challenges, such as low temperature inoperability, storage instabilities, in-cylinder carbon deposition and fuel line corrosion. It is imperative that these issues are addressed appropriately to ensure that long-term biodiesel usage in CI engines does not negatively affect the overall engine durability. Possible solutions range from biodiesel fuel reformulation through feedstock choice and production technique, to the simple add-on of fuel additives. This calls for a more strategic and comprehensive research effort internationally, with an overarching approach for co-ordinating sustainable exploitation and utilisation of biodiesel. This review examines the combustion quality, exhaust emissions and tribological impacts of biodiesel on CI engines, with specific focus on the influence of biodiesels physico-chemical properties. Ongoing efforts in mitigating problems related to engine operations due to biodiesel usage are addressed. Present day biodiesel production methods and emer ging trends are also identified, with specific focus on the conventional transesterification process wherein factors affecting its yield are discussed.REFRENCES1.Otera, J. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 1449.2.Weissermel, K. Arpe, H.-J. In Industrial nativeChemistry, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 2ndEd., Weinhein, 1993, p 396.3.Rehberg, C.E. Fisher, C.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944,66, 1203.4.Rehberg, C.E. Faucette, W.A. Fisher, C.H. J. Am.Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 1723.5.Rehberg, C.E. Org. Synth. 1955, III, 146.6.Haken, J.K. J. Appl. Chem. 1963, 13, 168.7.Shishido, K. Irie, O. Shibuya, M. Tetrahedron Lett.1992, 33, 4589.8.Chavan, S.P. Zubaidha, P.K. Ayyangar, N.R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 4605.9.Vatlas, I. Harrison, I.T. Tks, L. Fried, J.H. Cross,A.D. J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 4176.10.Narasaka, K. Yamaguchi, M. Mukaiyama, T. Chem.Lett. 1977, 959.11.Taft, R.W. Jr. Newman, M.S. Verhoek, F.H. J. Am.Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4511.12.Billman, J.H. Smith, W.T. Jr. Rendall, J.L. J. Am.Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2058.13.Ha ken, J.K. J. Appl. Chem. 1966, 16, 89.14.Frank, R.L. Davis, H.R. Jr. Drake, S.S. McPherson,J.B. Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 1509.15.Wulfman, D.

Communication Competency Self-Assessment

Communication Competency Self-AssessmentPART 1 Communication Competence AnalysisPick two to three competencies from the listing for which you feel you argon currently strong, and describe why you feel that way.Pick two to three competencies from the listing for which you feel you currently need improvement, and describe why you feel that way.Each subsection should be written with at least three paragraphs (with a minimum of three to four sentences severally) of commentary, which is in addition to any quoting from the listing you whitethorn read on to do.It may be helpful to explain your thought process and provide examples to give explanation to your descriptions of why you feel that way.This is non a formal paper, tho college-level spelling, grammar, and syntax are expected.S = strengthNI = needs improvement_S_ 1. Im responsive to con text editions of dialogue. I recognize that changes in physical, cultural, social psychological, and blase contexts exit alter meaning._S_ 2 . I assess my channel options and evaluate whether my cognitive content will be more effective if delivered face-to-face, through e-mail, or by around third party, for example._S_ 3. I look for meaning non only in address only if also in nonverbal behaviors._NI_ 4. I am sensitive to the feedback and feed forward that I give to separates and that some others give to me._NI_ 5. I combat the effects of the various types of physical, psychological, and semantic noise that distort messages._S_ 6. I listen not only to the more obvious content messages unless also to the relational messages that I (and others) circularize, and I respond to the relational messages of others to increase meaningful interaction._S_ 7. Instead of look only at the punctuation patterns, I also look at the patterns that others might be using in order to understand better the meanings communicated._S_ 8. Because communication is transactional, I recognize that solely elements influence every other eleme nt in the communication process and that each person communicating is simultaneously a speaker/listener._NI_ 9. Because communication is purposeful, I look guardedly at both the speakers and the listeners purposes._NI_ 10. Because communication is inevitable, irreversible, and unrepeatable, I look carefully for hidden meanings, am restrained in communicating messages that I may later wish to withdraw, and am aware that any communication act occurs but once._S_ 11. I am sensitive to cultural variation and differences, and I involve my own cultures teachings and those of other cultures without undue bias.My Competency Strengths_S_ 2. I assess my channel options and evaluate whether my message will be more effective if delivered face-to-face, through e-mail, or by some third party, for example.Number two is in spades virtuoso of my better strengths out of the competencies listed. Recognizing the different methods of communication is definitely important in how a message can be relay ed. Before I exigency to send a message across, I forever think most how it may be portrayed depending on which method is used and which will be most effective. at that place was a time when I thought virtually sending a text message to a friend about a certain topic. However, I decided that if I sent the text message, in that respect may be some confusion and may have been taken in all out of context. In the end, my friend and I discussed it in person and he was very grateful we did and that I decided against the text message. I think text messaging can be so emotionless.Although I am not perfect, as no one is, I think I have a pretty good understanding about the differences in which a method of communication can make. I think all it takes is a matter of fish fillet for a second and thinking about how the language someone is reading over an e-mail or text message may differ as opposed to just going to talk to them about it. Granted, sometimes an e-mail is a completely effi cient way to send out a only if message to a large amount of concourse._S_ 11. I am sensitive to cultural variation and differences, and I see my own cultures teachings and those of other cultures without undue bias.Number eleven is another one of my strengths from these competencies. Over the years of working in a hospital, I have learned to understand that there are so many different cultures out there and its only fair that we do not think of as our own to be the best or the right one. This is something that I have never had a problem understanding I was raised to be respectful of other cultures whether or not I may agree with their beliefs.As I have mentioned, working in a hospital has exposed me to many types of different cultures. There have been a few instances where our patient was a Jehovahs Witness in which did not accept blood in the event they call for it. This was their belief, and as hard as it is to want to just give them blood in an emergency, their wishes must be respected even though others may not have agreed with the decision. Its important not to be biased in our own culture.There are so many different types of people in this world, and I think that its a great thing. I believe that are a clutch of people out there who are very biased of their own culture and dont understand why people have different beliefs. If we do more to educate others on different cultures, then its possible more and more will understand cultures other than their own.My Competencies Needing Improvement_NI_ 5. I combat the effects of the various types of physical, psychological, and semantic noise that distort messages.Number five is one of the communication competencies that I understand but I need to improve on. Sometimes I raise easily distracted in fully grasping the messages that are being portrayed. I need to work on fork uping to ignore other noises that dislodge between the sending and receiving of messages so I can decode exactly what is being sent to me.There are a lot of distractions with working in the operating room a lot of things go on at once. On one instance, the patient we had wasnt doing so well and a lot of activity was going all at the same time several people were asking me for things all at once. I managed to give everyone what they needed but I remember thinking how overwhelmed I felt and how all of the communication that was being thrown at me was jumbling together because of all the noise that occurred between all of the messages I have to work more on learning how to separate out the distractions.I look at it as a small contend to myself to work on ways that will help me learn to cut out so many distractions. I will try to take each message that is being sent to me and focus on it instead of hearing the noise that comes along with it. I think if I become successful at this, I will have a much easier time understanding what is being communicated to me._NI_ 10. Because communication is inevitable, irreversible, a nd unrepeatable, I look carefully for hidden meanings, am cautious in communicating messages that I may later wish to withdraw, and am aware that any communication act occurs but once.Number ten is the other communication competency that I feel I need to make improvements on. I understand that communication is unrepeatable, irreversible, and inevitable, but sometimes I dont think long enough about what Im going to cite and just guess it and regret it later. Also, I dont always see all of the hidden meanings behind some of the things that I say or things others say to me. I think at times I try to convince myself that what I say can be justified and taken away when it usually cannot.I can remember one time I sent an e-mail to someone after a disagreement and because I was so angry while writing the e-mail, I wasnt thinking about exactly what I was saying and the consequences it was going to have later on. I had sent the e-mail and in the mean time had calmed down and reread the mes sage and couldnt believe the things I had said and it was too late to take it back I couldnt jump into the computer and reverse hitting the send button. The issue was eventually resolved but made me realize that I need to work on thinking more before putting words out there that are irreversible.I think one of the best things I can do in the future to avoid the type of lieu I discussed above from happening again is just to step back and look at what I am saying before sending the message. cerebration about the consequences that may occur from saying something the wrong way is a motivator to be more careful. Also, trying to see the hidden meanings behind words before saying them to people I think will avoid any issues as well.PART 2 General Improvement StrategyThe one communication competency that I am going to focus on for part two of this assignment is number ten. I understand that all of the competencies that I need to improve on are important but I want to elaborate a bit more on this one and see if I can plan out different ways to improve on it.The Problem When I am angry or upset about something and want to confront the issue, I do not always fully think about what Im saying before I say it, therefore living with the consequences of being unable to take back words.The Goal To think more about what I say before I say it and to really realize how bad the consequences may become.The Plan There are several things I plan on doing to improve on my problem. I will first think harder about what I am going to say before saying it. I will also step back and take a deep breath before writing out or saying harsh words. I will think about how my words may have hidden meanings to someone else. I will then use what I have learned in the past from the consequences of speaking/writing things I do not truly mean to avoid the same in the future.Test of Measurability I will know that I have amend on my plan once I am in a situation where I may be upset about something and go to come the person or an e-mail to someone and I use a better selection of words. I know my plan is going well when I wait to press the send button and reread what I have written to look for things that may mean more to the person that I realize. I will have achieved my goal when I see more positive outcomes and communication with the person I am having issues with.The list of competencies in part one of this assignment, with the exception of my insertions of S and NI are taken fromDeVito, J. (2013). Essentials of Human Communication VitalSouce bookshelf version.Retrieved from http//devry.vitalsource.com/books/9781269649261/id/pg23

An Invasion of Haiti is Averted by Accord To Restore Aristide :: essays research papers

An Invasion of Haiti is Averted by Accord To Restore Aristide1993- President Clinton needed a strong foreign policy victory to boost his sagging political career, and Haiti seemed to be the "perfect opportunity" to do this.1994- Even after a year of phrenetic negotiations no tangible results were in sight and the "perfect opportunity" seemed to be turning in to yet another nightmare for the President.However , this was not to be and President Clinton turned near defeat in to a resounding victory, with the help of former president and skilled negotiator, Jimmy Carter.September 19, 1994- Today the menace of invasion is over and, "a society (American society) that doesnt rest comfortably with the burdens of imperialism can breathe easy".American troops will enter Haiti as " quietness keepers" and not as members of an invading force. In order to arrive at a dovish solution several concessions had to be made by U.S establishment negotiators and Haitia n dictator, General Raoul Cedras. 1) The U.S government let General Cedras and his cohorts "save face" by allowing the military junta to step down, after their parliament passed a common amnesty for the military. If this had not happened the U.S government would have had to oust the ruling party by using force, and this would have made the junta look bad.2) The U.S agreed to abstract the economic sanctions imposed on Haiti as shortly as possible.3) The U.S also dropped its insistence that General Cedras and two of his military commanders leave the country. On its part, the Haitian junta agreed to hand over power to the democratically elected government of exiled Haitian leader, Jean-Bertrand Aristide.The key to solving this complex problem was former President, Jimmy Carter. whole through the crisis, Jimmy Carter stayed in direct contact with General Cedras, who he had come to know well while acting as an independent election- commentator during the Haitian elections i n 1993. Carter knew the situation on the ground and offered to act as a go-between. However, White House officials declined his offer initially. This was partly because they were upset that Carter had publicly disagreed with roughly of the current administrations policies as regards North Korea. When negotiations between the U.S and the Haitian government broke down, President Clinton went on national television and announced that United States armed forces would soon invade Haiti. This move wasnt aimed at ending negotiations but at making a last ditch attempt to arrive at a peaceful solution.