6 Must-Follow Tips for Editing an Academic Paper

Editing an academic paper is a bit different from that of work destined for a blog or publishing a novel. Because academic and scientific papers are written in a formal style, they need to be carefully edited to ensure the communication of ideas in an unambiguous way, with clarity and solid structure from start to finish. An academic work is meant to be taken literally, so let’s explore these 6 best practices for editing. 1. Ensure style is consistent throughout. There are many formats for writing an academic paper, so choose which style will best suit your work and ensure that it’s applied consistently throughout. The APA writing format (American Psychological Association) was designed for publication in psychological journals, but is widely used in many scientific fields. Whatever style you choose, follow the appropriate outlines and formatting structures for the greatest success. Some general guidelines to follow are: Maintain consistency with margin width: top, bottom and both sides. Font size should be used consistently. Double space text, including references and bibliographies. Text should be aligned to the left margin. If your work is to be published, use a Running Head (a short title no longer than 50 characters) at the top of each page, aligned flush left. Use the active voice. This is an area of change from the past where an impersonal form was the traditional rule, and personal pronouns weren’t used. Pagination and order of pages. The page number should appear at the top of every page, either centered or at the right margin. And the order of pages should be as follows: title page abstract body references appendices footnotes tables figures 2. Evaluate your paper for supporting parallels. When writing a paper it’s easy to simply jot ideas down as they pop into your head without concern for their relationship to your main topic. When editing, you need to ensure that all of these ideas marry up and parallel one another. For example, does your thesis parallel the concluding paragraph? The conclusion needs to support the exact position of the thesis without conditions or qualifying statements. Also, your topic sentences should reflect the points in your thesis. If your thesis states that A, B, and C are qualities found in D (D being your thesis), then you need to commit the appropriate space to analyzing A, B, and C in order to support your claims. And, any quotes used within your paper need to be scrutinized to ensure they’re supporting your topic sentences, which in turn support your thesis. The thread of your subject needs to run all the way through the fabric of your paper. 3. Mind your words. An academic paper is meant to be read by peers and professionals within a given field, so the use of technical terms and industry verbiage is an encouraged and accepted practice. Avoid the common mistakes that detract from your authority or professionalism – spellcheckers will miss homonyms and the meaning behind your word selection, so take the time to edit carefully for Common Errors in English Usage (Paul Brians). Some of them are: Improper use of plurals and possessives. Confusing effect and affect. Making up words when there are plenty of good ones available. Not knowing the accurate meaning of the words you use. Use of slang or jargon. Not using appropriate technical words and terms. Use of contractions. Abbreviations. Avoid them and spell out your words. However, acronyms are preferable after they’ve been spelled out the first time used. This article from the University of Pennsylvania is well worth reading, covering these points and more, in detail. 4. Cut down on wordiness. An academic paper is formal in nature, but it doesn’t have to be stuffy or boring. Apply the following writing and editing principles for effective communication of your ideas. Write from an outline. This gives structure to your thoughts, so your writing is always on topic. And having structure means you don’t have to use filler words or try to â€Å"fluff† your paper. Stick to one idea per paragraph. And each idea should always be clearly related to the main idea of your thesis. Rework any lengthy sentences into clear and compact structures. Use expressive nouns and verbs to express your ideas and avoid trying to enliven your writing with empty adjectives and adverbs. Read your text out loud to determine where your prose can be made more direct and vivid. 5. Citations Bibliographies, references and citations. There’s no getting around it, they need to be included in your work. Many different formats can be used for referencing the resource material used in a paper, so it’s best to pre-determine what the preferences and guidelines are for each one. In essence, they all require a minimum of information to allow others to locate the source material you’ve cited: A bibliography requires the author’s name, title of the book and date of publication. A journal article must include volume and page numbers. Conference papers need the title of the conference, page numbers and details of publication. Your paper will need to have a reference for every source you mention so that peer reviewers and those who mark your work will be able to easily access your support documentation. Without them, your credibility and marks will suffer. It’s a valuable detail that needs to be respected. 6. Proofread To be effective, your academic paper should be polished and professional in every aspect. And nothing says â€Å"amateur† quite like misspelled words, sloppy punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Don’t count on a spellchecker to do this for you as there are simply too many instances where words and errors are overlooked for any number of reasons. And there you have our 6 best tips for editing an academic paper. Use these ideas to give your work every opportunity to stand out and be noticed amid the competition.

metablolism (the) essays

metablolism (the) essays The idea that you can 'ruin' your metabolism is a very negative idea. To put it simply, you can't. You may, however, have some metabolic problems due to yo-yo dieting, but that's another matter. Here's a quick rundown of how your metabolism works. Understanding this process should help you in your weight loss. For the sake of example, let's say you lose four stone just by dieting. Let's further assume that about half of the weight you lost is fat and half of it is muscle. (These percentages aren't exactly right, but they'll work for the purpose of illustration.) You've now lost about two stone of muscle and two stone of fat. Now let's say that you go off the diet and regain that four stone. This time, almost all of the regained weight is going to be fat, and virtually none of it is going to be muscle. So at the end of the day, you weigh the same as before, but your body composition is significantly different. You now have a significantly higher percentage of body fat. Why does this matter? Simple. Most of your calories are 'burned' by muscle tissue. Fat is basically metabolic 'dead weight'. When you lose a lot of muscle, you lose one of your biggest allies in the war against fat. This shift in body composition is one of the things people refer to when they talk about their metabolism being 'ruined' by dieting. To raise your metabolic rate, one of the best things you can do is regain some of that lost muscle by adding weight training to your routine. The other thing that frequently happens with yo-yo dieting is that you train your fat storage enzymes to be more efficient. When you repeatedly starve yourself, those enzymes simply become better at their job of storing fat, an evolutionary strategy meant to keep you alive during times of famine. But by exercising consistently, eating fewer calories than you burn, and by eating the right kind of calories, you can re-train the fat-releasing enzymes to come out of hidin ...

Terrorism's Future Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorism's Future - Research Paper Example One of the major factors that identify nuclear weapon terrorism as the next biggest threat is preparedness against other forms of terrorism, by nations such as the United States, through defense forces. This followed the New York City attack that identified vulnerability to terrorism. The New York City attack also led to exploration of possibility of nuclear terrorism attack against the United States. Following the readiness and the knowledge that an ordinary offensive might not be successful, terrorist groups must be exploring more deadly approaches such as application of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destructions. America’s high position in the international community also identifies it as a potential terrorist target and fears have been raised during the nation’s major events such as â€Å"the 2009 inauguration ceremony of President Barack Obama† (Richelson, 2012, P. 1). Such terrorist target may attract efforts for mega terrorist attacks such as applica tion of nuclear weapons (Richelson, 2012). Development of nuclear weapons by countries such as India and Pakistan together with fears that countries like North Korea and Iran could have accessed the weapons is another threat of possible nuclear terrorism against Nuclear Weapon Countries such as the United States. This is because the countries have a responsibility to ensure non-proliferation or non-development of nuclear weapons by countries other than the Nuclear Weapon Countries. An enemy to such a responsibility may therefore use the deadly weapons to intimidate against control nuclear weapons’ armament and proliferation (Nti, n.d; Montgomery, 2010). Trend in development of technology also raises fears that terrorist groups can secretly develop nuclear weapons in a nation or smuggle the weapons. These factors therefore identify possibility of access and transfer of nuclear weapons by terrorist groups to targets countries for

Research into the Software Required to support a True Distributed Essay

Research into the Software Required to support a True Distributed Computer System - Essay Example and Lau, F., 1999. Special issue on software support for distributed computing. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on software support for distributed computing, 59(2), pp.101-06. 19 Introduction Ever-increasing competition and quick developments in information and communication systems, technologies, and a great deal of proliferation of low-cost workstations and PCs have offered a broad avenue for distributed computing to develop into a conventional computing structure and arrangement. At present, distributed computing is no longer limited to literature and advanced research laboratories; however, it is now easily in reach of a huge community of technology producers and clients. In fact, the transformation of status would not have been possible if there were not considerable endeavours that technology and communication researchers have offered for the development of essential supporting application, distributed OS, remote procedure calls, network file syst ems, OO (object oriented) middleware and message passing interfaces (Ahmad and Lau, 1999). In addition, the arrival of the WWW (World Wide Web) and high speed broadband Internet connections have as well put fuel to such kind of technology transformation. Presently, the Internet has turned out to be one of the biggest distributed systems. Currently, it is being utilized by the majority of people to resolve very complicated and challenging issues such as â€Å"search† to discover the biggest prime number, intended for space intelligence, and to break the RC5 block encrypted cipher, etc. In this scenario, a lot of huge and worldwide distributed systems are in progress to develop a huge â€Å"Globe system.† This Global system will offer an excellent support for resolving global issues (Ahmad and Lau, 1999). This essay discusses the software required to support a true distributed computer system. This research will provide a detailed overview of true distributed computing e nvironment that is a necessity to develop and use appropriate co-operating subsystems. Distributed Computing Environment: An overview The distributed environment is in some sense overcoming the limitations of traditional computing offering independence from the Personal Computers (PCs) to the golden or dark period of the mainframe. In the past, computers were single user machines with minimum storage capacities. Hence, the appearance of time-sharing machines and operating systems provided excellent opportunities to people all around the world. In fact, it allowed them to make use of the same hardware framework to support several people working simultaneously or cooperating with each other. Additionally, with the arrival of wide area networks (WANs), this cooperation further extended across the world and up till now simply needs a few central points of integrity control and management (Trireme, 2004; Nemeth and Sunderam, 2002). In addition, the arrival of the workstations took the pe ople right back to single user machi

Directors in Film Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Directors in Film Industry - Essay Example This paper will compare and contrasts the style and technique of two directors: Sergio Leone and Alejandro Jodorowsky. Sergio Leone and Alejandro Jodorowsky are considered as great directors as they were successful in their directors’ roles, which spanned over several decades. In particular, Sergio Leone managed to merge his own brand of epic myth-making and his movie-made dreams to create films that performed exceptionally well and earned the generic signature of their own. Although the films that he directed such as â€Å"the Good, the bad and the Ugly†, For a Few Dollars More, and A Fistful of Dollars† had initially been mocked as being nihilistically violent spaghetti Westerns, they stirred up the floundering genre which turned Leone into an internationally-acclaimed director (Frayling 47). Leone is not just considered a great director based on the films that he directed, but also based on the huge influence that he had in the film industry from the late 1960s until the time of his death in 1989. More importantly, Leone is credited for establishing a parallel filmmaking education thereby inspiring and nurturing many upcoming artists in the industry. His creativity made him to be adored in the film industry; in particular, the film titled â€Å"A Fistful of Dollars† (1964) was a sheer display of creativity. This film was centred on a gory conflict that involved a sly gunslinger and rival families and was a re-imagination of hallowed Western myths. The movie had pastoral settings accompanied by folk instruments, sound effects, and surf guitar. It is the subsequent films that he directed that sealed his status as one of the world’s premier directors. A more expansive sequel that he directed â€Å"The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly† (1966) was popular in Europe and America despite criticism from some quotas that he was desecrating the Western. Besides, this film revived Hollywood’s interest regarding the ailing genre , thereby creating avenues for new cycle of Western critics (Frayling 105). Like Sergio Leone, Alejandro Jodorowsky was an equally great director and he made his mark in the visual arts and film industry. Most cult cinema enthusiasts venerate him and his contribution in the film industry is acknowledged wide and far. His films presented magical and strange visions that cannot be understood or categorized easily. It is important to note that his role in the film industry was informed by his life experiences and beliefs. Particularly, Jodorowsky was informed by his spiritual journey (Cobb 38). Therefore, it is not surprising to see his cinematic output being filled with a hybrid blend of religious provocation and mysticism, as well as violently surreal images. Not only did his films provide entertainment to the audience, but also inspired youth counterculture movement specifically in the late 1960s and some early years of 1970s. His greatness is depicted by the fact that unlike other directors who were celebrated as contributors in critical establishment, Jodorowsky gained his prominence by bringing esoteric and surreal sensibilities to the screen through his controversial films such as El Topo, and Fando y Lis. His greatness is also depicted in the multiple capabilities that he had: he wrote films, he starred in some of personal films, as well as scoring and directing the films. Additionally, he brought new ideas and

The Empress Dowager CI XI History Essay

The Empress Dowager CI XI History Essay Empress Dowager Ci Xi was born in 1835. She had two younger brothers. Her father Hui Zheng was a member of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners. Bordered Blue Banner was descendant of royal, so she had an excellent familys background. According to annals, she spent her early life in Anhui Province. The earlier period of childhood, she started to learn literature, painting and handwriting. She had been training hard for several years before she moved to Beijing. Ci Xi took apart in a selection program for concubines for the new Xian Feng Emperor. She was a talented girl, so she was one of the few girls selected to be Preparative Concubine. After that, she was promoted to Noble Person after she was selected to serve the Emperors daily life. She was pregnant for the first time in 1855, and she gave birth to Tong Zhi in 1856. Tong Zhi was the only son of the Xian Feng Emperor. So Ci Xi was promoted to Noble Imperial Consort Yi. The Xian Feng Emperor became lazy because of his ba d health, and Ci Xi was good at handwriting, so Xian Feng Emperor looked over the political documents, and asked Ci Xi to write comments on it. So at that time Ci Xi started to contact with politics. British and French troops attacked Beijing in 1860, Xian Feng Emperor took his son and Ci Xi fled Beijing to a safety place called Re He. However Xian Feng was seriously ill at that time, his son Tong Zhi was only 6 years old; its too young to manage the whole country, so Xian Feng Emperor summoned eight of his most prestigious ministers to help his son to manage the country. Xian Feng Emperor died in 1861. After the death of the Xian Feng Emperor, both of his Empress Consort and Noble Consort Yi were elevated to the empress dowager. Tong Zhi became the new emperor and the Eight Regent Ministers tried to reduce the right of the new emperor, but Ci Xi was not satisfied with the Eight Regent Ministers. So she made a plan to arrest them, and killed them with the help of Prince Gong. After that, Ci Xi started to mix in politics. In breaking with tradition, Ci Xi became the first and only Qing Dynasty Empress to rule from behind the curtains. Tong Zhi Emperor died in 1875, Ci Xis nephew Guang Xu became the new Emperor. However, Ci Xi still ruled from behind the curtains. The first Sino-Japanese War was break out in 1894, the result of the defeat the Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Empress Dowager Ci Xis policy to the war was negative, so after a series of the wars of invading China, we lost our dominion gradually. Empress Dowager Ci Xi died in the Hall of Graceful Bird on 15 November 1908. Empress Dowager Ci Xi, as an emperor had governed the Qing Dynasty for about forty years. When the Qing Dynasty was found at beginning, the emperor not Empress Dowager Ci Xi had set a ban that the imperial harem or seraglio should not participate in the international affairs. When it was Ci Xis turn to govern the whole country, everything seemed changed. She used her beauty to make Xian Feng believe her and they soon got a baby called Tong Zhi. When Tong Zhi emperor controlled the country, it was a bad time. Britain and France united army went through Beijing and attacked and occupied Beijing. Then Xian Feng emperor escaped to a summer retreat. That was absurd that the high status emperor escaped when facing violence. How could the folks look at him? The only thing they responded was laughing at Xian Feng emperor. Just at that moment, Empress Dowager Ci Xi grasped this chance to become herself a psychologist. She came to comfort Xian Feng emperor. But as a pity, he died soon. However Xian Feng emperor knew well about how good or bad Empress Dowager Ci Xi was. So he left an imperial edict to Empress Dowager Ci Xi to prevent her in case she done something harmful. But out of Xian Fengs prediction, Empress Dowager Ci Xi made the imperial in her own hands by using some kind of means. She made herself to be the emperor. How contemptible s he was! When Tong Zhi was died at the age of 21 with sexual disease, it was obvious that Empress Dowager Ci Xi should take over the political power when Guang Xu was too young to take charge of the country. Empress Dowager Ci Xi always insisted on centralism. She suppressed the Taiping Rebellion which was an appeal for peasants` right. But she made it down. She kept the situation which was called centralism. Making the military power hold in her hand, she would not like anyone else to crab anything from her. In 1904, Japan and tsarist Russia made a war because of the territory of China and Korea. It took place in the northeast of China. To everyones surprise, Empress Dowager Ci Xi held the position standing in the middle. Thus made the people lived in northeast of China suffered in great pain. She even could bear that the people who were under her control were in pain not only in physic but also in mental. She made all rights belong to herself. She designed and snared the ministers, judged them with blank commitments. She smashed others` power into ash. She insisted in holding the main power and making everyone who was under her control listen to her. She made a rule which was that anyone could not challenge her position or doubt her ability because all she wanted was the whole nation and the entire power. As a leader, she failed to care about the folks` emotions and even did not know what they really needed and what they worried. She just knew that she had the responsibility to protect her position from being usurped. Not only in her political aspect had she something that made people dissatisfied with her but also in the life aspect. For example, Empress Dowager Ci Xi had a habit that was: where she went, where the meal went. So she did not have a specifically restaurant which was designed to eat.  Incidentally, the bowls she used were colored in bright yellow, covered with silver lid, and some of them were decorated with dragon patterns, while others printed the Chinese character shou ¼Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. The each meal of Empress Dowager Ci Xi was contained about 150 dishes. All the dishes were neatly arranged in rows. One row was a large line of bowls, and another row was a line of small dishes, followed by a row of a small bowl, in this case order.  When the two female officers came into the bedroom and put the table, they were holding a big yellow food container.  Her tea cups were made by pure white jade, and tea trays and lids were gold. Empress Dowager Ci Xi would not eat with other people.  When she began to eat, she always ordered the eunuchs to brought silver chopsticks, spoons, etc., and then said: Im sorry you have to stand up when you are having your meal, but these are the rules set by our ancestors. I can not break the rules, even the Queen can not sit in front. Im sure if the foreigners know how we treat the woman in the palace, they would certainly think that we are barbarians. But you will soon find that I practice in front of them is completely different, they do not see merely who we are. Many people think that Empress Dowager Ci Xi was a bad woman in the Chinese history. However, she also had her success.    First of all, Ci Xis struggles are worth for us to learn. In Qing Dynasty, nobody can be greater than her. When she was a child, she had already known that using money to bribe eunuch to be close to emperor. After she lived in the palace, she could deal with a lot of complicated things in correct and experienced ways. Then, she gave a birth to a child who was the only son of her husband-Xian Feng emperor. She was a really clever woman that no other concubines could have babies for the emperor. Secondly, Empress Dowager Ci Xi could deal with things without hesitation. Before Xian Feng emperor dead, he told 9 ministers to control Ci Xis rights. However, Empress Dowager Ci Xi didnt afraid of them. She used the hatreds between the ministers to turn the scale. Finally, she took helm of the state and she controlled her son, which was called attended to state affairs. In addition, she usually deals with things without hesitation, such as 1898 Reform period. Thirdly, Empress Dowager Ci Xi ended feudal society in a quick way. The feudal society in China had lasted for more than 2000 years. It was too long and serious to China to develop capitalism, which made China poor and fall behind other countries in Qing Dynasty. However, Empress Dowager Ci Xi was a luxurious woman and she leaded a luxurious phenomenon around the country. She reduced the money of the government, which leaded to the feudal society in China was ended almost 30 years in advance. In the position of Qing government, Empress Dowager Ci Xi was a guilty person, but in the position of the development of history, she helped China to end the feudal society in a quick way. Fourthly, Ci Xis luxurious hobbies-the Chinese feast and Peking opera, which developed Chinese culture. She loved the two things and many foreigners were interested in imperial banquet. The Chinese feast finally fixed many different styles of cooking. Its unique in the world. She loved Peking Opera and she often heard opera in her palace. In this way, many foreigners could have chances to come into contact with Peking Opera. The secrets and culture of Peking Opera could be spread. So that, Empress Dowager Ci Xi made contributions to Chinese culture. Fifthly, hobbies of Empress Dowager Ci Xi improved the society in the process of modernization of China. Was Empress Dowager Ci Xi an old-fogy? If we find the answer from the Chinese history book, we may say she was, because she suppressed the Chinese reform. However, the time she was in power was a high communicated period with western countries. During this period, she certainly learned a lot from western countries. She imported many new things from foreign to China. Electric lights, automobiles, photos, movies and so on. We think that all of them were completed by courage from Empress Dowager Ci Xi, so we have to admit that she was a wise woman. At last, Empress Dowager Ci Xi brought us a famous world culture heritage-the Summer Palace. When we travelled in the Summer Palace, guiders usually told us that Empress Dowager Ci Xi spent the expense of navy in building the Summer Palace in1888, which leaded that China had failed in the Sino-Japanese War. Who knew that the Summer Palace would be a famous imperial garden where must be visited by foreigners. So, Empress Dowager Ci Xi was not only a guilty person all the time, she also had her ability and success. There is no perfect man or woman in the world. Anybody has good aspect meanwhile he or she has the bad side. No one is absolute bad or good. So, is Empress Dowager Ci Xi good or bad? Everyone has his or her own idea.

disciplining a child :: essays research papers

Disciplining A Child Relationships between children and parents are unique and intense. Families are often the happiest when parents and children have the skills to relate and communicate with each other in a positive manner, when parents feel competent in helping their children behave appropriately, and when children can express their emotions and behave appropriately. But behavioral problems among children are very common, and such problems might occur in daily life in the home and in the school, with peers or with other adults. My eight-year-old son’s performance at school recently started to decline. At the beginning of the school year, he was an A student with no problems in reading and writing. After a few months, he becomes a C student. First, I thought that he could not understand a particular topic or exercise, but after meeting with his teacher, I found out that he did not pay enough attention in the class. I and his father discussed the problem with our son. Also, I explained to him why his education is important for his future. He agreed with me and promised to change his behavior in the classroom. Despite that, the low grades continued. It was then I decided to use operant conditioning as a type of learning in order to bring out an entirely new response, with a non-physical punishment (the negative secondary reinforcer)such as time out and loss of privileges (TV watching and video games playing). I prefer to avoid the use of physical punishment with my child. Physical punishment usually happens when a parent is angry and this does not create a positive learning experience for a child. Physical punishment models and teaches hitting and physical aggression, often making a child want to avoid the parent and can have a negative effect on a child’s self-esteem. The non-physical punishment worked for a short time: however, very soon I discovered that my son started to hide his low-graded papers from me. I discussed the situation with him and told him that he chose an incorrect way to avoid punishment. I decided to try another kind of reinforcer, positive one, such as a reward. My son was told that if he would get an A in the next two reading and writing tests he would go to play to his favorite place â€Å"Chuck E. Cheese’s†. He was very excited about that and started to respond: to spend more time reading

Communication Essay

In this assignment I will be explaining which each of the different forms of communication are and describing them in more detail and giving examples of each one. In health and social care we need communication skills are vital for anyone who wants to work within this environment. One to one communication is basically one person communication with another person but nobody else will be joining in the conversation. Other ways of having a one to one communication could be sending an email to someone and them replying or instant messaging someone. An example of having a one to one communication within health and Social care would be when a patient is talking to his/her doctor or a doctor talking to a patient’s family. Group communication is harder than one to one communication skills because it only works properly if everyone within the group is communication. This is very hard because normally within a group there is people who talk a lot and some who rarely talk or sometimes people who do not talk at all. An example of group communication would be when people go to an AA meeting. If you have no idea what an AA meeting is its Alcohol Anonymous so people who are alcoholics go to there to try and stop drinking. Formal communication is normally used by a professional. It is normally started with a polite greeting like â€Å"how are you today? † or â€Å"Good Morning† because they want to show respect to you. People normally use formal communication when in a meeting or a conference. In this type of communication using slang words or foul language like swearing is avoided and correct pronunciation is used. An example of this would be if a staff member isn’t working as good as they should be then the manager would have to give them a warning so they would have to use the correct use of wording so that they won’t think they are getting fired. Informal Communication is normally used with people who you are close with or know very well like family, friends and boyfriends. Informal Communication is the opposite of formal communication. It is usually used when in face to face conversation with a friend or relative- a personally known person. Informal communication is also used in e-mail, texts, and telephone conversations. An example of this would be in some areas it is common to call people love even though you have only just met them. Verbal communication is using words to tell your ideas, thoughts and feelings. Good verbal communication skills are being able to express your ideas clearly through your words. An example of this is by showing video’s you are helping the client to listen, by making hear a tape they are also listening, helping them to read books allows them to reading words and so on and understand them. Non-verbal communication is sending out message without speaking. You can send messages using your eyes, the tone of your voice, facial expression, hands and arms, gestures, the angle of your head and body posture. Within a few seconds of meeting a service user most people will usually be able to what they are feeling. You will be able to tell if they are tired, happy, angry or sad even before they haven’t said anything. You can tell what people are feeling by the use of body language. Now I will be explaining the non verbal messages which we send by using our bodies. The ones I will be talking about are posture, gestures,facial expression, touch or contact, use of signs, symbols and pictures, objects of references, writing, technology aids. Voice tone is basically the way you say something. If you say something in a loud voice people may seem you as angry and if you say something in a calm voice it will show that you are friendly. An example of this would be if you say â€Å"Hello, are you having a good morning† then this will show that you are friendly. Posture is the way you sit or stand. Sitting with crossed arms normally means you’re not taking any notice. Leaning back can send the message that you are relaxed or bored which leaning forward means you are interested. Posture is the way you sit or stand. Sitting with crossed arms can mean you’re not taking any notice. When you are leaning back can send the message that you are bored or not interested and when you are leaning forward it shows that you are interested in the conversation. An example in a health and social care setting would be when you are talking to a child at a school then you would be leaning forward to make sure the child knows you are interested in the conversation. Gestures are hand and arm movements that can help us to understand what a person is saying. Some gestures carry a meaning of their own. When you do something that is a success most people will put their thumbs up and if you do something perfection most people will put one hand on their waist and do a circle with their hands. You can tell what a person is feeling or thinking by the way they have their eyes. Your eyes get wider when you are excited or attracted to someone. A fixed stare may send the message that someone is angry at the person who she/he is staring at. When someone is looking away when they are talking to you it means they are not interested. Standing or sitting eye to eye can send a message of formality or hostility. A slight angle can create a more relaxed and friendly feeling. Touching another person during a conversation can send message of care, affection, power over them or sexual interest. Gestures made with hands or arms, written symbols or diagrams such as traffic signs all communicate message to people. Braille is a form of written language for the blind, in which characters are represented by patterns of raised dots that are felt with the fingertips. An example of braille being used in the health and social sector would be a blind person maybe reading a letter in braille sent from hospital concerning their health; they’d have to feel the dots to understand what has been written. Paintings, photographs, sculptures, architecture, ornaments and other household objects can communicate messages and emotions to people. People often take photographs or buy souvenirs to remind them of happy experiences they have had. Language does not have to be based on sounds that are hears. Signing systems such as Sign Language provide a full language system for people who do not use spoken language. An example of sign language would be if someone needs help with their hearing difficulties. Written Communication is where someone talks by writing a letter or an email. An example of written communication would be if someone is trying to get a care assistant job will be sending their cv of by an email. Technological aids – Humans can communicate across distance and time by using written messages, email and text messages. Information can be recorded electronically, helping us to communication more efficiently than writing on paper. Electronic aids can turn speech into writing such as mini com for people with a hearing disability or voice typing for people with dyslexia. AN interpreter is someone who can translate speech. A signer is someone who can use sign language to speak. A translator is a person who translates one language to another. Lip reading is an aid to communication for Deaf and hard of hearing people. Lip-reading classes help regain confidence and lessen the feelings of isolation that so often come with hearing loss. Most people misunderstand deafness. It’s invisible and doesn’t change the way you appear to other people, but it can change the way you feel. You may: * Feel excluded from everyday activities and conversations * Find it difficult to cope in some situations * Feel frustrated when trying to communicate with people around you Makaton is a language programme designed to provide a means of communication to individuals who cannot communicate efficiently by speaking.

Works well in theory not in practice - discuss.

Works well in theory not in practice - discuss. IntroductionIt is certainly true that many of the ideas taught in college classrooms within business schools are not experienced in the real world of work. This is true in all of the business disciplines, including accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing-and their various academic subdisciplines. This is not exceptional to the field of HR.The very difference lying between the modern Human Resource Management Theory and the traditional personnel management theory is contemporary HRM changed conventional views in the aspect that it treats the employee as the most important resource within an organization. Meanwhile, the HRM has enriched the contents of the personnel management and presented a fusion of personnel management and industrial relations. As a consequence, the managers all take much greater responsibilities than the in the past. The contemporary HRM includes all activities used to attract and retain employees and to ensure they perform at a high level in mee ting organisation's strategic goal.201305145-OHRM-RBN-8054Specifically, it features in recruiting appropriate staff, providing training and development programmes for the employees, giving appraisal and feedback to employees, setting reward system, maintaining employee relations. The effects of the HRM on improving staff performance and further on the whole company profitability have been clarified and supported by numerous facts and statistics. Does this indicate there is not any problem when applying the theories of HRM into real situation for its effectiveness and reliability? In this essay, the focus lies on one of these sections, motivation and reward system, instead of panoramic perspective, to see the discrepancy between ivory-tower theory and real-world practice.Main partThe assumption is that theory is the good or ideal way, and that practice is the often not-so-good, actual way of the real world. But we must ask, if theory is so far off so frequently from describing...

My Political Views essays

My Political Views essays I consider myself to be a moderate to strong republican. It took me a long time to realize what degree I was. Most people know what party they are but few know how strong their beliefs are. After looking at the republican platform and comparing my views on the issues, which are: gun control, immigration, national language, capital punishment, and welfare reform; I found out that I am a much stronger republican than I earlier thought. The republican platform believes in welfare reform that eliminates waste, fraud, and abuse; require work from those who are able to work; limit the time allowed on public assistance; and reduce the burden on the taxpayer. They also believe that all Americans have the God given right to be safe in their homes, on their streets, and in their communities. They believe in tougher law enforcement, with stiffer penalties, eliminating the loopholes in our justice system today, and finding judges who respect the law and its law-abiding people. They also believe that our government is too large to be tuely effective. They believe that the people know what is best for them. They oppose discrimination and that people believe that people should be judges by ability rather than race, creed, or disability. They believe in a united America through one national language for all federal business. They also believe that in order to protect the environment we need some type of population control so the generations to come will be able to live the American dream. In my point of view gun control is about as strict as it needs to get. Any law-abiding citizen without any criminal record should be able to buy and own any gun. This includes semi or automatic weapons. An argument to this is what do they need an automatic gun for? Let me just compare that to something else like cars. The speed limit now at the most is seventy-five miles per hour. What do people need with cars that go one hundred fifty miles pe...

Langston Hughes vs. Tupac Shakur Research Paper

Langston Hughes vs. Tupac Shakur - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that the struggle of the Afro Americans even after their Emancipation from slavery has been the theme of many works of literature. The struggles of blacks also affected the family relations. Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother to Son† essentially illustrates a mother’s sermon to her son who is probably in his growing years. She teaches him by giving examples from her life. The poem belongs to the Harlem Renaissance period which celebrated the culture of the Afro Americans who came up to cultivate their talents in art and literature. Hughes’ poems are normally characterized by â€Å"a strong black racial consciousness and folk aesthetic†¦reflect a black perspective and point of view†. The poem highlights the essence of this period, using the â€Å"black vernacular† where the mother encourages her son to move forward and not to look back in life just as the black heritage was moving forward. The p oem, therefore, depicts a certain awakening and motivation. This inspirational piece addresses the struggles of blacks. She begins by saying that life was not very easy for her – â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair†. There were hazards which brought about pain in her life and here the poet uses figurative language to compare hazards with â€Å"tacks† and â€Å"splinters†. She says there was â€Å"no carpet on the floor – Bare† which depicts that she had no shelter or place to rest and this signifies isolation. Yet, she says that life moved on as time passed by. She came across â€Å"landin’s† and â€Å"turnin’ corners†... Here she says that despite all odds she has managed to reach some of her goals (landin’s) and she tried to live differently with time or put her hands on new things (turning corners). She says that there was darkness where she traveled and there has been no light. Perhaps she means traveling alone or in a foreign land and her difficulty also brings out her courage and faith for a better future. She advises her son not to â€Å"set down on the steps† while climbing the stairs of life. She says that despite the difficulties, he should not fall because she is still going on with her life and it is still not a â€Å"crystal stair†. A mother shares her experience with her son such that he later gains some motivation from the same and this might help him move forward in life. She is aware that being a black boy he will also be facing troubles like herself, but he needs to keep his faith and courage to face the troubles and meet his goals. This is a one-sided sermon and no proper interaction has been shown between the two characters. The son’s presence is silent. So one would not actually know what the reaction of the son is and if he feels motivated and inspired. The song â€Å"Dear Mama† is basically a tribute from a son to his mother and is the autobiography of a son written in appreciation of his â€Å"mama† – it is a â€Å"thank-you to Afeni for her hard work as a single mother†. This poem also shows the struggles of the blacks and in essence the woman. He did not have his father by his side but his mother who was treated badly by her husband did not leave her children alone despite the fact that the son finally could not make her proud.

The individual and the State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The individual and the State - Essay Example These configurations alternate between those put forward by two of the founding figures of Western political thought—Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau—who each offer different understandings of the relation between freedom and equality. No version is decisive, due in part to the problems with each account. With both Hobbes and Rousseau, we cannot understand their thoughts on freedom and equality without first recalling their different takes on the reality of lived experience, what Hobbes calls the state of nature. In Leviathan, Hobbes outlines a state of nature in which war and conflict are the natural way of things. Human beings, fundamentally insecure in their person, able to kill and be killed, cannot gain a sense of safety in the state of nature. Instead, the risks always remains that some individual, or group of individuals, will plot and carry out one's demise. Because of the intrinsic scarcity and uneven distribution of goods, people tend to use their capa city to kill each other to suit their own needs, as nature demands. As such the state of nature far too often induces a state of war, wherein the life of man is â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short† (Hobbes). ... ality and freedom is essentially negative, which is to say that it is when man is most equal that he is most in danger, and thus constantly beset by impediments that impinge upon his freedom. In the state of nature, all are equally able to kill or be killed, to steal or to be stolen from, but such a situation is untenable, and reason demands that it be redressed and the situation improved. Some might contend that this state thus produces ultimate freedom, but Hobbes seems to think otherwise, since the risk of death and even the threat of danger impede one's ability to pursue their own objectives. It is for this reason that social compacts are produced, and common-wealths agreed to, even though they limit one's freedom. In Hobbes' thinking, freedom â€Å"signifieth (properly) the absence of Opposition† and a â€Å"Free-Man, is he, that in those things, which by his strength and wit he is able to do, is not hindered to do what he has a will to† (Hobbes). At the same time, the state that comes in to rectify these problems and produce a civil society does not actually generate new, more robust liberties. Instead, Hobbes argues that with the inequality of the state comes new forms of â€Å"oppositions.† He writes: â€Å"But as men, for the atteyning of peace, and conservation of themselves thereby, have made an Artificall Man, which we call a Common-wealth; so also have they made Artificiall Chains, called Civill Lawes, which they themselves, by mutuall covenants, have fastened at one end, to the lips if that Man, or Assembly, to whom they have given the Soveraigne Power...† (Hobbes). In a civil society, in a common-wealth, some are better off than others, and the society is thus less equal; the role of the state, if it is a just state, is to ensure those negative freedoms